营养学考研，营养学考研学校
主持人
马玉霞 理事长
Sheau Ching Chai 博士
报告一 饮食营养在肝癌预后中的作用
Aiping Fang 博士
中山大学
报告内容：
Liver cancer ranks as the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide in 2020. China alone accounts for 45.3% and 47.1% of the total number of cases and deaths, respectively. Although chronic hepatitis virus infections remain the most important risk factor for HCC globally, metabolic risk factors, such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are becoming more important on the burden of liver cancer, which are largely linked to unhealthy diet. Growing evidence suggests that diet and nutrition are involved in the development of liver cancer, but their role in the progression and prognosis of liver cancer is still poorly understood. Using data from the Guangdong Liver Cancer Cohort (GLCC) study, we investigated the association between single nutrients (including vitamin D, folate, copper, zinc, iron etc.), as well as dietary patterns, and the survival of liver cancer in patients with newly-diagnosed, previously-untreated HCC.
Learning objectives:After listening to this webinar the participant, will:
1.gain the understanding of global and China epidemiology of liver cancer
2.understand the importance of diet and nutrition in the development of liver cancer
3.understand the role of diet and nutrition in the prognosis of liver cancer (results from the GLCC cohort).
报告二 大数据方法在营养研究中的应用
高翔 教授
复旦大学公共卫生学院
报告内容：
This talk will present study findings from several large cohorts in the US and China, such as the Nurses’ Health Study and the Kailuan Study. The presentation will focus on how to use several new data science approaches, such as machine learning and crossed-lag analysis, to study nutrition and chronic diseases.
Learning objectives:After listening to this webinar the participant, will:
·get an update on the status of nutrition and chronic disease in China and US
·understand several big cohort studies conducted among Chinese or US population
·learn the application of data science approaches such as machine learning and crossed-lag analysis in nutrition study
·describe the strengths and limitations of new data science compared to traditional approaches.
报告三 健康老龄化的的功能性食品
Sheau Ching Chai 博士
美国特拉华大学
报告内容：
Studies have shown that increased polyphenol intake lowers the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline. Age-related neuronal-behavioral decrements and cardiovascular conditions are due to inflammation and oxidative stress that may be ameliorated by antioxidants in foods. We conducted randomized controlled trials to determine whether older adults consuming polyphenol-rich fruits such as apple, tart cherry, and grape daily would improve cardiometabolic outcomes and cognitive function in older adults. Our findings suggest that apple, tart cherry, and grape consumption favorably improve lipid profile. Tart cherry juice and grape consumption may improve cognitive performance. In conclusion, daily incorporation of polyphenol-rich fruits into the diet improved cardiovascular health and cognitive functions in older adults.
Learning objectives:After listening to this webinar the participant, will:
·be able to discuss to role of apple consumption on cardiovascular health
·be able to discuss to role of tart cherry consumption on cognitive performance and cardiovascular health
·be able to discuss to role of grape consumption on cognitive performance and cardiovascular health
报告四 低能量和低碳水化合物饮食减肥的研究结果
DanYu 博士
河北医科大学第三医院
报告内容：
Background: Low-carbohydrate (e.g., Atkins) dietary pattern is one of the most effective diets for weight loss, but little is known about the characteristics of the gut microbiota accompanying low-energy low-carbohydrate diets-induced weight loss. This study aims to profile dynamics of gut bacteria and fungi accompanying modified Atkins diets-induced weight loss among overweight and obese adults. Plenty of studies have examined the long term effect of weight loss on bone mineral density. The study also aimed to explore the effects of 10% weight loss on early changes in bone metabolism as well as the possible influencing factors. Methods: Overweight and obese outpatients (BMI > 24.0 kg/m2) were recruited from the nutrition clinic and followed a calorie-restricted, high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet program (30% of energy from protein, 40% from carbohydrate and 30% from fat). We longitudinally profiled dynamics of gut bacteria and fungi based on 16S rRNA and ITS rRNA gene sequencing data, respectively. In addition, Dietary intake, body composition, serum procollagen type I N-propeptide (PINP), β-Crosslaps, PTH, 25(OH) VitD, a series of inflammatory cytokines and adipokines were measured for the participants before starting to lose weight and after 10% weight loss (NCT 04207879). Results: A total of 65 participants followed the modified Atkins diets for 20-231 days, with 61 and 27 participants achieving a weight loss of at least 5% and 10%, respectively. Most of the participants who achieved 10% weight loss also experienced improvements on metabolic health. The diversity of gut bacteria and fungi increased after a weight loss of 5% and kept stable thereafter. Bacteria genera including Lachnoclostridium and Ruminococcus 2 from Firmicutes phylum were depleted, while Parabacteroides and Bacteroides from Bacteroidetes phylum were enriched after weight loss. The inter-kingdom analysis found an intensive covariation between gut fungi and bacteria, involving more than half of the weight loss-associated bacteria. Among 37 participants (27 newly recruited) attained a weight loss of 10%, it was found that PINP decreased (p = .000) and the β-Crosslaps increased (p = .035) in female participants. Decreases in PTH (p = .001), serum IL-2 (p = .013), leptin (p =.001) and increases in 25(OH) VitD (p = .001), serum ghrelin (p = .033) were found in 37 participants after 10% of their weight had been lost. Change in PINP was detected to be significantly associated with change in lean body mass (r= .418, p = .012) and change in serum ghrelin(r=− .374, p = .023). Conclusions: The study confirmed the modulation of bacterial and fungal composition during weight loss with the low-carbohydrate diets and showed previously unknown links between intestinal bacteria and fungi accompanying the weight loss. Moreover, we established that bone formation was suppressed and bone absorption was increased in female subjects after a 10% weight loss. Bone turnover was found to be associated with lean body mass and affected by the circulating ghrelin level.
Learning objectives:After listening to this webinar the participant, will:
1.learn about the characteristics of the gut microbiota accompanying low-carbohydrate diets-induced weight loss
2.learn about the effect of weight loss on early changes in bone metabolism and bone homeostasis
3.learn about the effect of low-carbohydrate diets induced weight loss on blood sugar，blood lipid metabolism and the body composition.
报告五 甜菜碱和叶酸对降低中国成人同型半胱氨酸的影响：一项 随机、双盲、对照试验
Xiaoting Lu
中山大学
报告内容：
Background: Hyperhomocysteinemia is a well-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Either betaine or folate has a homocysteine-lowering effect; however, limited studies have considered the influences of their combined supplementation. Purpose: To examine the effects of supplementation comprising betaine and folic acid on plasma homocysteine. Methods: From July 2019 to June 2021, one hundred Chinese adults aged 18–65 years with hyperhomocysteinemia were recruited in Guangzhou and were randomly assigned to either the supplement group (daily supplementation: betaine, 1 g; folic acid, 400 μg; vitamin B 12 , 6.4 μg; vitamin B 6 , 8 mg) or the placebo group for 12 weeks. Fasting venous blood was collected at baseline, week 4, and week 12 to determine the concentration of homocysteine, betaine, folate, and vitamin B12. Plasma homocysteine was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector. Generalized estimation equations and linear regression models were used for statistical analysis. Results: Significant increments in blood levels of betaine, folate, and vitamin B 12 in the supplement group indicated good participant compliance. In the supplement group, plasma homocysteine decreased by 1.34 (0.65, 3.95) μmol/L at week 4, and 2.43 (1.46, 3.65) μmol/L at week 12. Compared to the placebo group, the homocysteine-lowering effect of the supplement was statistically significant even after adjusting for potential confounders. The decrease of plasma homocysteine was associated with increments of both blood betaine (β = –1.421, P = 0.020) and folate (β = –1.680, P = 0.004) after 12 weeks of supplementation. Conclusion: Multiple supplementations with betaine, folic acid, vitamin B 12, and vitamin B6 for 12 weeks decreased plasma homocysteine among Chinese adults with hyperhomocysteinemia. Increments both in betaine and folate levels were associated with the reduction in homocysteine.
报告六 舒张期心力衰竭再入院率的危险因素:一项由数据驱动的 分析
Qinyi Hu
德克萨斯医疗中心
报告内容：
Background and aims: The high rate of readmissions after heart failure (HF) hinders the patients’ recovery, and increases their financial burdens. Therefore, it is important for clinicians and researchers to identify risk factors of diastolic heat-failure (DHF) hospitalization. We explored the relationship between these risk factors and diastolic HF inpatients’ hospitalization frequency. Methods: Our raw data were from the electronic health records provided by the Cerner Health Facts® database, a comprehensive dataset that includes de-identified patient information, with healthcare records over 63 million patients for 85 systems with 750 hospitals and healthcare facilities in the United States from 2000 to 2018. Patients who have at least one International Classification of Disease 9 diagnosis code of DHF, and at least one HF medication and hospitalization record are identified as DHF patients. This DHF definition excludes patients who were diagnosed with systolic and diastolic combined heart-failure. Results: In total, 76404 inpatients were included, of which 18427 (24.12%) patients are identified as DHF inpatients. HF prevalence increases sharply with age. In all styles of HF patients, more than 73%were older than 60 years, whereas in DHF patients, this number increased to 80.63%. In DHF patients, 61.52% were female, and 38.48% were male. Regardless of the types of heart-failure that the patients had, in our study population, most of the patients are Caucasians. 28.25% HF inpatients have records of diabetes, and this percentage is close to the percentage of diabetes patients in DHF cohort. Conclusion: Predictors of increased readmissions of DHF are age, gender, and race, but not diabetes.
Learning objectives:After listening to this presentation, the participant will:
1.gain an understanding of use of the electronic health records (EHR) provided by the Cerner Health Facts® database.
2.understand the importance of identifying risk factors of diastolic heat-failure readmission rates.
3.be able to discuss the relationship between age, gender, race, diabetes and diastolic heart-failure patients’ hospitalization.
报告七 母乳喂养与婴儿呼吸道感染相关:一项队列研究
Weiming Wang
华中科技大学
报告内容：
Objective: Combined the exclusiveness and duration of breastfeeding during first year of life to explore the association of breastfeeding practices and risk of infant respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in the next year. Methods: The study was embedded in the Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort study. Information on infant breastfeeding was collected by telephone interview at 3, 6, and 12 month-age. According to exclusiveness and duration of breastfeeding, infants were categorized into 5 groups: 1) Full breastfeeding for 6 months with continuation of breastfeeding for 1 year or longer (F6-L); 2) Full breastfeeding for 6 months with continuation of breastfeeding not until 1 year (F6-S); 3) Partially breastfeeding for 1 year or longer (P-L). 4) Partially breastfeeding more than 2 months but shorter than 1 year (P-S). 5) Breastfeeding less than 2 months or exclusive formula feeding (FF). RTIs was coded as serious cold, otitis media, sinusitis, pharyngitis, pneumonia, bronchitis, and bronchiolitis. Information of infants RTIs and hospitalization from RTIs during 1-2 year of life were obtained by telephone at 24 mo postpartum interview. Poisson regression model was applied to explore the association between breastfeeding practices with incidence risk of RTIs and hospitalization from RTIs.Results:A total of 3318 infants were involved in the final analysis. Among them, 435 (13.1%) were F6-L; 394 (11.9%) were F6-S; 584 (17.6%) were P-L; 1065 (32.1%) were P-S; 840 (25.3%) were FF. When compared with infants who were F6-L, the RRs (95%CIs) of RTIs were 1.17 (1.00, 1.38) for F6-S, 1.18 (1.02, 1.36) for P-L, 1.25 (1.09, 1.43) for P-S and 1.35 (1.18, 1.54) for FF after adjusting potential confounders. For hospitalization from RTIs, the RRs (95%CIs) were 1.60 (0.96, 2.68) for F6-S, 1.42 (0.87, 2.33) for P-L, 1.82 (1.17, 2.82) for P-S and 1.93 (1.23, 3.02) for FF after adjusting potential confounders compared with F6-L infants.Conclusion: After six months of full breastfeeding, followed by continued breastfeeding as complementary foods should be encouraged for 12 mo postpartum or more to maximize the protective effects of breastfeeding on infant RTIs. Mothers who are unable to exclusively breastfeed their infants up to 6 months should also insist on mixed feeding for as long as possible.
Learning objectives:After listening to this webinar the participant, will:
1.gain the knowledge of current research on breastfeeding practice and infant respiratory infections.
2.understand the importance of breastfeeding on infants with respiratory tract infections.
3.be able to discuss the benefits of mixed breastfeeding in preventing infant respiratory infections.
报告八 澳门中学生膳食碘摄入量及相关因素分析
Cleandy Lei
澳门科技大学
报告内容：
Iodine is an essential micronutrient for the human body and plays an important role of normal thyroid function, growth and development. Iodine deficiency is a global public health concern which countries are actively developing countermeasures to eliminate. However, there is no iodine-related assessment and policy in Macao. We aimed to assess the dietary iodine intake status of secondary school students in Macao by using questionnaire, including cognition and dietary status survey, as well as a self-developed 61-item iodine-specific food frequency questionnaire (I-FFQ). The dietary iodine intake was calculated based on I-FFQ and food composition database. From the research result, we can understand their daily iodine intake status and awareness of iodine, then analyze the problems related to iodine intake in this population based on the result and put forward nutrition education and countermeasure.
Learning objectives:After listening to this webinar the participant, will:
1.understand daily iodine intake status and iodine awareness of secondary school students in Macao.
2.understand the problems related to iodine intake in this population.
3.be able to discuss the strategies can be formulated more effectively, including nutritional education and the implementation of iodine-related measures in the future.
报告九 早、晚期限制饮食对超重和肥胖的年轻人的体重和心脏代 谢健康的影响
Limin Zhang
河北医科大学
报告内容：
Due to the complex interactions between circadian biology, nutrition, and human metabolism, meal timing may be a key modulator of health outcomes. However, whether the timing of the eating window during time-restricted eating (TRE) influences cardiometabolic health remains unknown. Overweight and obese young adults were randomized to 6-h eTRE (eating from 7 a.m. to 1 p.m.) (n = 21), 6-h lTRE (eating from 12 p.m. to 6 p.m.) (n = 20), or a control group (ad libitum intake in a day) (n = 19). After 8 weeks, 6-h eTRE and lTRE produced comparable body weight loss (4.6% and 3.7%, respectively) compared with controls. Compared to control, 6-h eTRE reduced systolic blood pressure, mean glucose, fasting insulin, insulin resistance, leptin, and thyroid axis activity, whereas lTRE only reduced leptin. These findings shed light on the promise of 6-h eTRE and lTRE for weight loss. Larger studies are needed to assess the promise of eTRE to yield better thyroid axis modulation and overall cardiometabolic health improvement.
Learning objectives:After listening to this presentation the participant, will:
1.understand the prevalence of obesity and the hazards that obesity brings to human health.
2.gain an understanding of the types and beneficial effects of intermittent fasting.
3.be able to discuss the clinical evidence for time-restricted eating.
报告十 五个国家加工肉类和鱼类产品中钠含量的横断面比较：可 行目标和重新配方的潜力
Yuzhu Song
青海卫生职业技术学院
报告内容：
Introduction: Reducing sodium intake has been identified as a highly cost-effective strategy to prevent and control high blood pressure and reduce cardiovascular mortality. This study aims to compare the sodium content in processed meat and fish products among five countries, which will contribute to the evidence-base for feasible strategies of sodium reduction in such products. Methods: Sodium content on product labels of 26500 prepackaged products, 19601 meat and 6899 fish, was collected in supermarkets from five countries using the FoodSwitch mobile application from 2012 to 2018. To be specific, it was 1898 products in China, 885 in the UK, 5673 in Australia, 946 in South Africa and 17098 in the USA. Cross-sectional comparisons of sodium levels and proportions meeting 2017 UK sodium reduction targets were conducted using Kruskal-Wallis H and the χ2 test, respectively across the five countries. Results: The results showed that processed meat and fish products combined in China had the highest sodium level (median 1050mg/100 g, IQR: 774–1473), followed by the USA, South Africa, Australia, with the lowest levels found in UK (432mg/100 g, IQR: 236–786) (P<0.001). Similar variations, that is, a twofold to threefold difference of sodium content between the highest and the lowest countries were found among processed meat and fish products separately. Large sodium content variations were also found in certain specific food subcategories across the five countries, as well as across different food subcategories within each country. Conclusion:Processed meat and fish products differ greatly in sodium content across different countries and across different food subcategories. This indicates great potential for food producers to reformulate the products in sodium content, as well as for consumers to select less salted food.
Learning objectives:After listening to this presentation the participant, will:
1.understand the sodium content level and achievements in sodium reduction for processed meat and fish products among the five countries.
2.learn about large sodium content variations in certain specific food subcategories across the five countries, as well as across different food subcategories within each country.
3.be able to discuss possible strategies on sodium reduction for different countries.
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编辑：袁月、袁艺；责编：张睿梅。
营养学考研(营养学考研学校)
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