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中国高翻团队倾力之作
全文字数：1886字
阅读时间：17分钟
小贴士：
查本文中的一个词汇“dynamic”的时候发现一个有趣的意思：The dynamics of a situation or group of people are the opposing forces within it that cause it to change.
——大橙子留
上期翻译答案
The return to the pre-pandemic trendwill be helpedby women’s gains at the other end of the income spectrum.
女性在另一个收入层级方面取得的成果将有助于让男女薪资差恢复到疫情前趋势。
1. spectrum: a complete range of opinions, people, situations etc, going from one extreme to its opposite
这里前一段讲了在酒店、餐馆等地方工作的女性很多，而这些行业受到了疫情的强大冲击，因此讲的是低收入女性群体；本划线句之后讲的是大企业中女性高管的比例有所上升，即高收入女性群体，所以这里说at the other end of the income spectrum
《本期内容》
双语阅读
They are the extreme edge of a broader trend away from marriage. By one estimate, more than a third of Korean men and a quarter of Korean women who are now in their mid-to-late 30s will never marry. Even more will never have children. In 1960, Korean women had, on average, six children. In 2022, the average Korean woman could expect to have just 0.78 children in her lifetime. In Seoul, the average is 0.59. If this downward drift continues, it will not be long before one out of every two women in the capital never becomes a parent.
他们是远离婚姻这一大趋势的极端代表。据估计，目前35到40岁之间超过三分之一的韩国男性和四分之一的韩国女性预计将永远不会结婚。甚至有更多的人将永远不会生孩子。1960年，韩国女性平均生育6个孩子。到2022年，预计韩国女性一生平均只生育0.78个孩子。首尔的平均数量为0.59个。如果这种下降趋势延续下去，用不了多久，首尔每两个女性中就有一个永远不会成为母亲。
Marriage and children are more closely linked in South Korea than nearly anywhere else, with just 2.5 percent of children born outside of marriage in 2020, compared with an OECD average of more than 40 percent. For nearly 20 years, the Korean government has tried to encourage more marriages and more babies. In 2005, the government recognized low fertility as a matter of national importance and put forth its Framework Act on Low Birth Rate in an Aging Society, versions of which have been renewed every five years.
在韩国，婚姻和孩子的联系比其他任何地方都更紧密，2020年，韩国非婚生孩子的比重仅为2.5%，而经合组织的平均比重则超过了40%。近20年来，韩国政府一直试图鼓励更多的婚姻和生育。2005年，政府认识到低生育率是国家的重要问题，并提出了《老龄化社会低出生率框架法案》，该法案每五年更新一次。
The government has tried expandingmaternityleave, offering couples bigger and bigger bonuses for having babies, and subsidizing housing in Seoul for newlyweds. The mayor there has proposed easing visa restrictions to import more cheap foreign nannies, while some rural governments fund bachelors seeking foreign brides. In 2016, the government published a “birth map” online showing how many women of reproductive age lived in different regions—a clumsy attempt to encourage towns and cities to produce more babies. It prompted a feminist protest with women holding banners that read mywombis not a national public good and babyvending machine. The map was taken down.
政府尝试延长产假，为生小孩的夫妻提供越来越多的奖励，为首尔的新婚夫妇提供住房补贴。当地市长提议放宽签证限制，引入更多便宜的外国保姆，而一些农村政府则资助单身汉找外国新娘。2016年，政府在网上发布了一份“生育地图”，显示了不同地区育龄妇女的数量——一次鼓励城镇生育更多孩子但适得其反的尝试。这引发了一场女权主义抗议，女性们举着“我的子宫不是国家公共物品”和“婴儿自动售货机”的标语。生育地图随后被撤下来了。
There are a lot of reasons people decide not to have a baby. Young Koreans cite as obstacles the high cost of housing in greater Seoul, the expense of raising a child in a hypercompetitive academic culture, andgruelingworkplace norms that are inhospitable to family life, especially for women, who are still expected to do the bulk of housework and child care. But these explanations miss a more basicdynamic: the deterioration in relations between women and men—what the Korean media call a “gender war.”
人们决定不要孩子的原因有很多。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~但这些解释忽略了一个更基本的反动力：女性和男性之间关系的恶化——韩国媒体称之为“性别战争”。
Theplummetingfertility rate has its roots in the rapid transformation of Korean society. After the Korean War, many people migrated from villages to work in urban factories for miserable wages, as part of a state-led economic transformation that became known as the “Miracle on the Han River.” High-school and college enrollment shot up. After the 1997 financial crisis, companies restructured, and Korea’s corporate culture—known for demanding long hours in exchange for job security—took on the precarity familiar to Americans.
生育率下降的根源在于韩国社会的快速转型。朝鲜战争后，即使工资微薄，许多人从农村前往城市的工厂中工作，是称为“汉江奇迹”的国家主导经济转型中的部分计划。高中和大学入学人数激增。1997年金融危机之后，韩国企业进行了重组，以要求长时间工作来换取工作保障而闻名的韩国企业文化，也开始出现了像美国人所熟悉的那种不稳定。
本文节选自：The Atlantic（大西洋月刊）
发布时间：2023.03.21
作者：Anna Sussman
原文标题：The Real Reason South Koreans Aren’t Having Babies
词汇积累
1. maternity
/məˈtɜːnɪtɪ/
n. 母性，母亲身份; 妇产科
adj. 怀孕的，产妇的
2. womb
/wuːm/
n.[解剖] 子宫；发源地
vt.容纳
3. grueling
/ˈɡruːəlɪŋ/ adj. 使人力尽的；艰辛的
4. dynamic
/daɪˈnæmɪk/
adj. 充满活力的，精力充沛的; 动态的，发展变化的; 力的，动力的
n. 动力，活力; 相互作用，动态; 动力学
5. plummet
/ˈplʌmɪt/
v. (数量、价值等)暴跌; (尤指从高处)坠落
n. 铅锤，测深锤; 骤降
词组搭配
1.vending machine 自动贩卖机，自动售货机
写作句总结
They are the extreme edge of a broader trend away from marriage.
结构：They are the extreme edge of a broader trend away from ….
他们是远离…这一大趋势的极端代表。
例句：They are the extreme edge of a broader trend away from exhausting work.
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